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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neutronendiffusion</span></h1>
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<p>Die <b>Neutronendiffusion</b> (<a href="Latein" title="Latein">lat.</a> <i><span lang="la">diffundere</span></i> ‚ausgießen‘, ‚verstreuen‘, ‚ausbreiten‘), ein Spezialfall in der rechnerischen Behandlung des allgemeinen <a href="Neutronentransport" title="Neutronentransport">Neutronentransports</a>, ist hauptsächlich wichtig in der Berechnung von <a href="Kernreaktor" title="Kernreaktor">Kernreaktoren</a>. <a href="Diffusion" title="Diffusion">Diffusion</a> meint zwar auch hier einen ohne äußere Einwirkung eintretenden Vorgang, aber nicht nur den Ausgleich von Anzahldichteunterschieden; bei der Neutronendiffusion sind die Vorgänge vielgestaltiger, denn freie Neutronen können durch <a href="Kernreaktion" title="Kernreaktion">Kernreaktionen</a> neu entstehen und durch <a href="Absorption_(Physik)" title="Absorption (Physik)">Absorption</a> verschwinden.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vereinfachte_Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen">Vereinfachte Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen</h2></div>
<p>Ein Raumbereich sei <a href="Homogenit%C3%A4t" title="Homogenität">homogen</a> mit Material gefüllt, das sowohl Neutronen durch Kernspaltung erzeugen als auch Neutronen absorbieren kann.
</p><p>Der <a href="Neutronenfluss" title="Neutronenfluss">Neutronenfluss</a> lässt sich durch Lösung der Differentialgleichung der Neutronendiffusion gewinnen:<sup id="cite_ref-Glasstone_1952_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glasstone_1952-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\text{Zeitliche Änderung}}={\text{Produktion}}-{\text{Leckage}}-{\text{Absorption}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Zeitliche Änderung</mtext>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>Produktion</mtext>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mtext>Leckage</mtext>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mtext>Absorption</mtext>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\text{Zeitliche Änderung}}={\text{Produktion}}-{\text{Leckage}}-{\text{Absorption}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b269dd9453cda0f846654989f1a887a6ded95a3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:58.611ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\text{Zeitliche Änderung}}={\text{Produktion}}-{\text{Leckage}}-{\text{Absorption}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \Delta \Phi -\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>n</mi>
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<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
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</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>D</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
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<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \Delta \Phi -\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e4c4a6b86736816b4c3927e96cdb7bb4781eb54d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:24.985ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \Delta \Phi -\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Es bedeuten
</p>
<dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center">

<tbody><tr>
<th><a href="Formelzeichen" title="Formelzeichen">Zeichen</a></th>
<th>Einheit</th>
<th>Benennung
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm³</td>
<td>Neutronenanzahldichte
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>s</td>
<td>Zeit
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.499ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm³s</td>
<td>Lokale Neutronenquelle
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aed80a2011a3912b028ba32a52dfa57165455f24.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi }" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm²s</td>
<td>Neutronenfluss
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>D</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f34a0c600395e5d4345287e21fb26efd386990e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.924ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>cm</td>
<td>Neutronendiffusionskoeffizient
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/32769037c408874e1890f77554c65f39c523ebe2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.936ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta }" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm²</td>
<td>Laplaceoperator
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{a}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Sigma _{a}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/dd0be28cb6979318d379e6a3e5e8a9bfb9824249.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.78ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{a}}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm</td>
<td>Makroskopischer Absorptionsquerschnitt
</td></tr>
</tbody></table></dd></dl>
<p>Die Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen sind <a href="Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fengleichung" title="Größengleichung">Größengleichungen</a>, also von Einheiten unabhängig. Aber es gibt <i>übliche</i> Einheiten in der <a href="Reaktorphysik" title="Reaktorphysik">Reaktorphysik</a>, die in der zweiten Spalte der Tabelle angegeben worden sind. Jeder Term des obigen Differentialgleichungssystems, der als Produkt von makroskopischem Wirkungsquerschnitt und Neutronenfluss gebildet wird, z.&nbsp;B.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{a}\ \Phi =\{\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi \}\cdot [\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi ]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
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</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Sigma _{a}\ \Phi =\{\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi \}\cdot [\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi ]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0bdc54213d61723a88b69cdb0e5b30960784a549.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.512ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{a}\ \Phi =\{\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi \}\cdot [\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi ]}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>besitzt als <a href="Physikalische_Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe#Formel-_und_Einheitenzeichen" title="Physikalische Größe">physikalische Größe</a> die Einheit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi ]=\mathrm {\frac {1}{cm^{3}\ s}} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
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</msup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi ]=\mathrm {\frac {1}{cm^{3}\ s}} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83fef280319b8139c555b8c7b914d38415565a03.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:15.786ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi ]=\mathrm {\frac {1}{cm^{3}\ s}} }" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Das ist die Einheit einer <a href="Kernreaktionsrate#Kernreaktionsratendichte" title="Kernreaktionsrate">Kernreaktionsratendichte</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eindimensionale_Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen">Eindimensionale Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen</h3></div>
<p>In einem Medium, das durch zwei parallele Flächen mit unendlicher Oberfläche begrenzt ist, dem sogenannten <i>Plattenreaktor</i>, ergibt sich die vereinfachte Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichung zu
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ {\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial x^{2}}}-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>D</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
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</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ {\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial x^{2}}}-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0206a96d61264957a81f69b6ec3d861c56711b99.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:26.283ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ {\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial x^{2}}}-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>In zylindrischer Geometrie, einem Reaktor in der Form eines Zylinders von unendlicher Länge (Polarkoordinaten), lautet die vereinfachte Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \left({\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial r^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{r}}\ {\frac {\partial \Phi }{\partial r}}\right)-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>D</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>r</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \left({\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial r^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{r}}\ {\frac {\partial \Phi }{\partial r}}\right)-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/236cd4d39e6d63289541ec3b440e5083b31d6056.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:39.343ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \left({\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial r^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{r}}\ {\frac {\partial \Phi }{\partial r}}\right)-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>In sphärischer Geometrie entsprechend
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \left({\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial r^{2}}}+{\frac {2}{r}}\ {\frac {\partial \Phi }{\partial r}}\right)-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>D</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>r</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>r</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \left({\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial r^{2}}}+{\frac {2}{r}}\ {\frac {\partial \Phi }{\partial r}}\right)-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9d599850f51285a6f6815b490309b1d2b3757ca9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:39.343ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=S+D\ \left({\frac {\partial ^{2}\Phi }{\partial r^{2}}}+{\frac {2}{r}}\ {\frac {\partial \Phi }{\partial r}}\right)-\Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Im stationären Zustand ist die zeitliche Änderung der Neutronenanzahldichte Null, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c037ee01584197a9df814ea7300efc181e6c7c35.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:7.015ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {\partial n}{\partial t}}=0}" loading="lazy"></span>. Von dieser Annahme gehen wir auch bei den stationären Vielgruppen-Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen aus (<a href="#Stationäre_Vielgruppen-Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen">siehe unten</a>).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zeitunabhängige_Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichung"><span id="Zeitunabh.C3.A4ngige_Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichung"></span>Zeitunabhängige Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichung</h3></div>
<p>In einem Reaktor wird im stationären Zustand der Quellterm <i>S</i> durch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S=k_{\infty }\ \Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>S</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S=k_{\infty }\ \Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/065f714452a39c3712deb17a78c1f8fb2c9a6e09.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.304ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S=k_{\infty }\ \Sigma _{a}\ \Phi }" loading="lazy"></span> beschrieben.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta \Phi +(k_{\infty }-1)\ {\frac {\Sigma _{a}}{D}}\ \Phi =0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>D</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta \Phi +(k_{\infty }-1)\ {\frac {\Sigma _{a}}{D}}\ \Phi =0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf84189b98a34e66fc75c29dadfa8d01060b220f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:26.069ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta \Phi +(k_{\infty }-1)\ {\frac {\Sigma _{a}}{D}}\ \Phi =0}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Dabei ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\infty }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\infty }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/347b5465c2ce6e6f552a8686401cc428f451a66a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.087ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\infty }}" loading="lazy"></span> der Neutronen<a href="Multiplikationsfaktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiplikationsfaktor">multiplikationsfaktor</a> im <i>unendlich ausgedehnten</i> Medium.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L^{2}={\frac {D}{\Sigma _{a}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>D</mi>
<msub>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L^{2}={\frac {D}{\Sigma _{a}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2bb19bc7fe094094816fa2c0a8f7a86fa6959932.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:9.352ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L^{2}={\frac {D}{\Sigma _{a}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>ist das Quadrat der <i>Diffusionslänge</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>L</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}" loading="lazy"></span>. Da im kritischen Reaktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\infty }>1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\infty }&gt;1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1e879d5a029875eea59e1d753ca4911fea8b0294.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.348ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\infty }>1}" loading="lazy"></span> sein muss, kann man die Größe
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B^{2}={\frac {k_{\infty }-1}{L^{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>L</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B^{2}={\frac {k_{\infty }-1}{L^{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6be9c81f0e1a23478a51770b477a83b5d97ee6b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:13.842ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B^{2}={\frac {k_{\infty }-1}{L^{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>einführen; sie heißt in der Reaktorphysik <i>Buckling</i>, eingedeutscht <i>Flusswölbung</i>. Die vereinfachte Form der Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichung lautet damit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta \Phi +B^{2}\ \Phi =0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta \Phi +B^{2}\ \Phi =0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/55168c742754960c15e2c03326254340d87bcbe2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:15.792ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta \Phi +B^{2}\ \Phi =0}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Diese Gleichung ist vom Typ <i><a href="Helmholtz-Gleichung" title="Helmholtz-Gleichung">Helmholtz-Gleichung</a></i>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stationäre_Vielgruppen-Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen"><span id="Station.C3.A4re_Vielgruppen-Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen"></span>Stationäre Vielgruppen-Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen</h2></div>
<p>Der reale Fall eines <a href="Heterogenit%C3%A4t" title="Heterogenität">heterogenen</a> Reaktors wird durch die <i>stationären Vielgruppen-Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen</i> beschrieben.<sup id="cite_ref-McCallien_1993_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCallien_1993-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reuss_2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuss_2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der stationäre Neutronenfluss <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/44b2b2772f50223fc4ef1b6d5411fac108b05e61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.732ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span> für die Energiegruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span> genügt den homogenen, zeitunabhängigen Vielgruppen-Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle -\nabla (D^{g}({\vec {r}})\nabla \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}}))+\Sigma _{r}^{g}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})=Q^{g}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∇<!-- ∇ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>D</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∇<!-- ∇ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle -\nabla (D^{g}({\vec {r}})\nabla \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}}))+\Sigma _{r}^{g}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})=Q^{g}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83308cbdf6c931022f5d19bc5734c2923b649994.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:42.494ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle -\nabla (D^{g}({\vec {r}})\nabla \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}}))+\Sigma _{r}^{g}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})=Q^{g}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit der <a href="Kernreaktionsrate#Kernreaktionsratendichte" title="Kernreaktionsrate">Quellratendichte</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q^{g}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q^{g}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/13581160d10ec7a14b1d99c18798dec462610cff.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.892ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q^{g}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span>, einer Summe von Spaltraten- und Streuquelldichten, in der Form
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q^{g}({\vec {r}})={\frac {\chi ^{g}}{k_{\text{eff}}}}\sum _{h=1}^{G}\nu \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})\;+\sum _{h=1,\ h\neq g}^{G}\Sigma _{s}^{gh}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>Q</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>eff</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>G</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>+</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>G</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q^{g}({\vec {r}})={\frac {\chi ^{g}}{k_{\text{eff}}}}\sum _{h=1}^{G}\nu \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})\;+\sum _{h=1,\ h\neq g}^{G}\Sigma _{s}^{gh}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/00cde663d72a760fecee657868862fcb4b974521.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.505ex; width:53.373ex; height:7.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q^{g}({\vec {r}})={\frac {\chi ^{g}}{k_{\text{eff}}}}\sum _{h=1}^{G}\nu \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})\;+\sum _{h=1,\ h\neq g}^{G}\Sigma _{s}^{gh}({\vec {r}})\Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<dl><dd>für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g=1,\ 2,\ldots ,G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g=1,\ 2,\ldots ,G}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f07702d455cc8ba0fd79dfe954141e82c735446e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.159ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g=1,\ 2,\ldots ,G}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und alle Orte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span> im Raumbereich, für die diese Differentialgleichungen zu lösen sind.
</p><p>Diese Gleichungen bilden ein System von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}" loading="lazy"></span> partiellen, <a href="Partielle_Differentialgleichung#Gleichungen_2._Ordnung" title="Partielle Differentialgleichung">elliptischen Differentialgleichungen 2. Ordnung</a>. In der hier dargestellten Form wurde die kontinuierliche Energievariable bereits in Intervalle, in Energiegruppen, unterteilt. Die sog. <i>Gruppenkonstanten</i>, die in die Koeffizienten des Gleichungssystems eingehen, sind (bis auf Ausnahmen) material-, orts- und energieabhängig. Bevor man mit der Lösung der Vielgruppen-Neutronen-Diffusionsgleichungen beginnen kann, müssen diese Koeffizienten mit einem Zellprogramm berechnet worden sein und zahlenmäßig als Eingabedaten vorliegen.
</p><p>Es bedeuten
</p>
<dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center">

<tbody><tr>
<th><a href="Formelzeichen" title="Formelzeichen">Zeichen</a></th>
<th>Einheit</th>
<th>Benennung
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>cm</td>
<td>Ort, die Koordinaten eines Punkts im Lösungsbereich
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/44b2b2772f50223fc4ef1b6d5411fac108b05e61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.732ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi ^{g}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm²s</td>
<td>Neutronenfluss der Energiegruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, die fundamentale Eigenfunktion des Differentialgleichungssystems
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{\text{eff}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext>eff</mtext>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{\text{eff}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5b9f0b284cc451017899c8f9ac4383108dd4484.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.18ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{\text{eff}}}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Effektiver Multiplikationsfaktor, der Eigenwert, der zur fundamentalen Eigenfunktion gehört
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Nummer der Energiegruppe
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Anzahl der Energiegruppen
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∇<!-- ∇ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a3d0e93b78c50237f9ea83d027e4ebbdaef354b2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.936ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla }" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm</td>
<td>Nabla- oder Gradientenoperator
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D^{g}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>D</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D^{g}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/14b931648faf61ef193416a6faa8138057333b5d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.978ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D^{g}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>cm</td>
<td>Neutronendiffusionskoeffizient der Gruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{r}^{g}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>r</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Sigma _{r}^{g}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e56a0ef75d332297862b3b0ab939e3f8ca5affb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.732ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{r}^{g}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm</td>
<td>Makroskopischer totaler Verlustquerschnitt der Gruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, auch als <i>makroskopischen Removalquerschnitt</i> bezeichnet (daher Index <i>r</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b0908957bb7eb0f5cfbab4c18c24ed91fbcd5754.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:7.122ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm</td>
<td>Makroskopischer Neutronen-Produktionsquerschnitt der Gruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Das ist ein Produkt aus der mittlere Anzahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ν<!-- ν --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c15bbbb971240cf328aba572178f091684585468.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.232ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu }" loading="lazy"></span> der Neutronen pro Spaltung und dem makroskopischen Spaltquerschnitt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ab6a94850eb5625173d2a054b289ed22204ea884.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:5.889ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{f}^{h}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span> (Index <i>f</i> von <i>fission</i>).
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{s}^{gh}({\vec {r}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Σ<!-- Σ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Sigma _{s}^{gh}({\vec {r}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83c57023f037c119ddbf4ee890c1a87d6e6bea26.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.679ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Sigma _{s}^{gh}({\vec {r}})}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1/cm</td>
<td>Makroskopischer Streuquerschnitt von der Gruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> in die Gruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span>. Beachte, dass die Matrixindizes oft in der Form <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h\to g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h\to g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb18cf78d71661fb716227003640f56cebd027d1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.069ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h\to g}" loading="lazy"></span> geschrieben werden (Index <i>s</i> von <i>scattering</i> oder <i>Streuung</i>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \chi ^{g}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>g</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \chi ^{g}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/11fd14b292f5961898caaa70fdd61d26dace5121.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.476ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \chi ^{g}}" loading="lazy"></span></td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Spaltspektrum der Gruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span>. Ist im allgemeinen ortsunabhängig
</td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl>
<p>Jede einzelne der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>G</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.827ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G}" loading="lazy"></span> Stück Gleichungen des Systems ist die differentielle Form einer Erhaltungsgleichung für die Anzahl der Neutronen im Raum am Ort <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6aec3c9ce13b53e9e24c98e7cce4212627884c91.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.223ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, deren Energien in dem Intervall liegen, das durch die Grenzen der Energiegruppe <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>g</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}" loading="lazy"></span> festgelegt ist.
</p><p>Das Differentialgleichungssystem wird vervollständigt durch zwei Stetigkeitbedingungen und eine Bedingung für alle Punkte, die auf äußeren Randflächen liegen. Ist das System symmetrisch, besitzt es zum Beispiel <a href="Symmetrie_(Geometrie)#Spiegelsymmetrie" title="Symmetrie (Geometrie)">Spiegelebenen</a>, dann kommen spezielle Randbedingungen an diesen Ebenen hinzu.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen_und_Einzelnachweise">Anmerkungen und Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Der Schnitt kann parallel zu allen Außenflächen des Quaders geführt werden. Das Maximum des Neutronenflusses liegt im <a href="Mittelpunkt" title="Mittelpunkt">Mittelpunkt</a> des <a href="Quader" title="Quader">Quaders</a>. Wird der Schnitt nicht durch den Mittelpunkt geführt, verringert sich der Neutronenfluss gegenüber dem durch den Mittelpunkt geführten nur um eine Konstante, die mit dem Abstand des Schnitts vom Mittelpunkt kleiner wird.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Da die Neutronendiffusionsgleichung eine <a href="Homogene_lineare_Differentialgleichung" title="Homogene lineare Differentialgleichung">homogene lineare Differentialgleichung</a> ist, ist mit einer Neutronenfluss-Lösung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Φ<!-- Φ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aed80a2011a3912b028ba32a52dfa57165455f24.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi }" loading="lazy"></span> auch der mit einer beliebigen Konstanten multiplizierte Neutronenfluss eine Lösung der Neutronendiffusionsgleichung.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Glasstone_1952-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Glasstone_1952_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Samuel Glasstone, Milton C. Edlund: <cite style="font-style:italic">The elements of nuclear reactor theory</cite>. MacMillan, London 1952 (VII, 416 S.).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Neutronendiffusion&amp;rft.au=Samuel+Glasstone%2C+Milton+C.+Edlund&amp;rft.btitle=The+elements+of+nuclear+reactor+theory&amp;rft.date=1952&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=MacMillan" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span>
Diese Monografie hat wie keine andere die damals junge Generation der Reaktorphysiker in West und Ost und die späteren Lehrbuchschreiber geprägt. Ihr 6. Druck vom Februar 1957 ist vollständig online einsehbar.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015026517386;view=1up;seq=5">[1]</a>. Volltextsuche ist möglich. <i>Neutronendiffusion</i> ist auf S.&nbsp;106 behandelt.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-McCallien_1993-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-McCallien_1993_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
C. W. J. McCallien: <cite style="font-style:italic">SNAP, Multigroup 3-D Neutron Diffusion in XZ, R-Theta-Z, Hexagonal-Z, Triangular-Z Geometry</cite>. AEA-RS-1214, 1993.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Neutronendiffusion&amp;rft.au=C.+W.+J.+McCallien&amp;rft.btitle=SNAP%2C+Multigroup+3-D+Neutron+Diffusion+in+XZ%2C+R-Theta-Z%2C+Hexagonal-Z%2C+Triangular-Z+Geometry&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.issue=AEA-RS-1214" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Reuss_2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuss_2008_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Paul Reuss: <cite style="font-style:italic">Neutron physics</cite>. EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, France 2008, ISBN 978-2-7598-0041-4 (xxvi, 669, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=q5N7_LfVSzwC&amp;pg=PA650#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Neutronendiffusion&amp;rft.au=Paul+Reuss&amp;rft.btitle=Neutron+physics&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9782759800414&amp;rft.place=Les+Ulis%2C+France&amp;rft.pub=EDP+Sciences" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span>
Reuss behandelt die Neutronendiffusion u.&nbsp;a. auf S.&nbsp;650.</span>
</li>
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Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2022-03-18" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Neutronendiffusion&amp;oldid=221275595">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
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